Stock splits have been in vogue recently. Large technology companies like Amazon, Alphabet, Nvidia, and Tesla have split their stocks after seeing their share prices get close to $1,000 or more. This financial engineering tactic didn’t change anything about these stocks’ underlying businesses, but it can make it easier for individual investors to buy a single share.
One potential stock-split candidate is Spotify (NYSE: SPOT). The audio streaming leader is up over 500% since the start of 2023, and the stock is now approaching $500 per share, or stock-split territory. Here’s why the stock has made a massive turnaround, and whether you should buy shares of Spotify after its big gains.
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Many investors will know Spotify as it is one of the most popular music and podcast streaming services worldwide. With 640 million monthly active users (MAUs), perhaps only YouTube has a larger reach around the world in this niche.
Spotify mostly makes money by selling ad-free music listening through a subscription service. Premium subscription revenue has grown consistently since Spotify went public in 2018 with 24% growth on a foreign currency-neutral basis last quarter. In U.S. dollars, the segment is closing in on $15 billion in annual subscription revenue.
Investors were never concerned about Spotify’s revenue growth. The problems were around profitability. In the third quarter of 2023, Spotify’s gross margin was a measly 26.4%, not much higher than when it went public. Operating margin was only 1.0%, and it had been negative for many quarters before that. One year later, and the story has completely changed. Gross profit margin was 31.1% in Q3 2024 with operating margin exploding higher to 11.4%.
Spotify was able to do this for a few reasons. First, it cut down on its full-time employees, trimming them by over 20% in the past year while seeing no effect on revenue growth. Second, it is seeing more revenue from its high-margin promotional marketplace, which is leading to gross margin expansion. Third, the company has started to raise prices on its subscription services, which — along with the falling employee numbers — has led to operating leverage and the double-digit operating margin.
Given the stock’s rally and the platform’s 640 million MAUs, investors may worry Spotify will hit user saturation sometime soon. This may be true in its most mature markets like the Nordics (the first market it entered), but it’s nowhere near the case in the majority of countries around the world. Internet penetration in places such as India, Indonesia, and Latin America will continue to grow in the coming years, which should lead Spotify to more MAU gains.